Which condition is commonly associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication commonly associated with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes due to the effects of prolonged high blood sugar levels on the blood vessels in the retina. In individuals with diabetes, blood vessels in the retina can become damaged, leading to leaks, swelling, and the growth of abnormal blood vessels. This condition can affect vision and is a leading cause of blindness among adults.

The risk of developing diabetic retinopathy increases with the duration of diabetes and poor blood sugar control, making it critical for individuals with either type of diabetes to have regular eye examinations. This proactive approach helps in early detection and intervention, which can prevent or minimize vision loss.

Other conditions listed, such as glaucoma, optic atrophy, and optic nerve hypoplasia, may have some association with diabetes but are not as directly linked to the changes that occur in the retina due to diabetes as diabetic retinopathy is. Thus, while they may occur in individuals with diabetes, they do not have the same level of established connection concerning the progression and management of diabetes.