What is the mechanism behind glaucoma?

Glaucoma primarily occurs due to abnormal pressure within the eye, which is often a result of an imbalance between the production and drainage of intraocular fluid (aqueous humor). This elevated pressure can lead to damage of the optic nerve, ultimately affecting vision. The condition is commonly associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP), which can result from the clogging of the drainage channels or overproduction of fluid. Early detection and management of intraocular pressure are critical to prevent vision loss in individuals with glaucoma.

The other choices pertain to different ocular or systemic conditions. Increased blood flow to the retina does not directly relate to the progression of glaucoma and can instead be associated with other eye health changes. Improper lens curvature refers to refractive errors, such as myopia or hyperopia, not glaucoma. Deterioration of ocular muscles is typically linked to other forms of strabismus or eye movement disorders, rather than the pressure-related issues characteristic of glaucoma. Understanding the foundational mechanism behind glaucoma as related to intraocular pressure is essential for proper diagnosis and management of the condition.