What is the effect of hydroxychloroquine on the retina?

Hydroxychloroquine is a medication commonly used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, but it has significant implications for retinal health. One of the well-documented side effects of long-term hydroxychloroquine use is retinal toxicity, which can result in damage to the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, potentially leading to vision loss.

Retinal toxicity can manifest as changes in visual function, including difficulty with color discrimination, blurry vision, or scotomas (blind spots). Regular screening and monitoring of patients on this medication are crucial to detect any early signs of toxicity and to prevent irreversible damage.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the effects of hydroxychloroquine on the retina. While some may speculate about potential therapeutic effects on retinal health, the primary concern remains the risk of toxicity, making the understanding of its adverse effects critical for patients using this medication.