What is recognized as the leading cause of blindness in older adults?

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is recognized as the leading cause of blindness in older adults primarily because it affects the central part of the retina, known as the macula, which is critical for sharp, central vision necessary for tasks like reading and recognizing faces. The prevalence of AMD increases significantly with age, making it particularly concerning for the older population.

This condition can lead to significant visual impairment, even though peripheral vision may remain intact. AMD often progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, which can delay diagnosis and treatment, further exacerbating the risk of severe vision loss.

Cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma are also significant contributors to vision loss in older adults but do not surpass AMD in terms of blindness prevalence. Cataracts, for instance, are common but can often be treated effectively with surgery. Diabetic retinopathy, while serious, occurs only in individuals with diabetes. Glaucoma can lead to blindness if untreated but generally affects peripheral vision rather than central vision first, and it has effective treatments that can slow progression. In contrast, the impact of AMD on central vision and its increasing prevalence make it the leading cause of blindness in this demographic.