What characterizes retinitis pigmentosa (RP)?

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is characterized primarily by progressive peripheral field loss and night blindness. This condition affects the photoreceptor cells in the retina, particularly the rods, which are responsible for twilight or low-light vision, leading to difficulty seeing in dim lighting. As the disease progresses, individuals experience a gradual narrowing of their peripheral vision, often described as "tunnel vision." This peripheral vision loss is one of the hallmark signs of RP, which distinguishes it from other visual impairments.

In addition to night blindness and peripheral vision loss, RP can also impact central vision over time, but the initial symptoms typically start with peripheral vision loss. Understanding these aspects helps to identify and differentiate retinitis pigmentosa from other conditions that may affect vision.