How might hydroxychloroquine negatively impact vision?

Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial medication that is also used to treat autoimmune diseases, particularly lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. One of the well-documented side effects of hydroxychloroquine is its potential to cause retinal toxicity. This toxicity can lead to a condition known as hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, which can result in visual disturbances and even permanent vision loss if not monitored and managed appropriately.

The mechanism behind this retinal toxicity is thought to be linked to the accumulation of the drug in retinal tissue, which may lead to damage of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Regular ophthalmologic examinations are recommended for patients taking hydroxychloroquine to identify any early changes in the retina, ensuring timely intervention if needed. This information underscores the importance of monitoring vision in patients prescribed this medication, as early detection can potentially prevent severe outcomes.

The other choices, stating that hydroxychloroquine enhances visual clarity, improves night vision, or has no effect on vision, do not align with the established medical understanding and evidence regarding the drug's impact on ocular health.